Optimization of Extraction Process Parameters for the Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from Solutions Following Biooxidation

Abstract

This study investigated the optimization of the main parameters of the extraction process for the extraction of heavy metal ions, in particular Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, from technogenic solutions formed after the biooxidation process. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaS₂CN(C₂H₅)₂) was used as the extractant, and the dependence of the process on temperature, mixing duration, and extractant consumption was experimentally analyzed. The results of the studies revealed a high degree of separation of copper ions (99.97%) under optimal conditions. At the same time, almost complete extraction of iron ions was also observed, and the selectivity of the used extractant was found to be low. Based on the results obtained, the need for additional stages or the use of selective extractants to increase the efficiency of the process was justified.