International Journal of Scientific Bulletin
IJSB follows an open-access policy, ensuring that published articles are freely available to a wide audience. Through this approach, the journal strives to facilitate the rapid global dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Investigation on the Impact of Mobile phones and Mobile apps in paddy cultivation in Ampara District
This study investigates the impact of mobile phones and mobile applications on paddy cultivation in the coastal divisions of Ampara District, Sri Lanka specifically Akkaraipattu, Ninthavur, and Addalaichenai. Although Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is widely recognised as a transformative force in agriculture, empirical evidence from Sri Lanka’s leading paddy producing region remains limited. To address this gap, the study adopted a quantitative research design and employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the relationships between mobile phone usage (PU), mobile application usage (UOMA), and paddy production and the socio-economic level of farmers (PPSELOF). Primary data were collected from 388 paddy farmers through a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS and AMOS. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed acceptable model fit (Normed χ² = 3.485, CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.080). Path analysis revealed that both mobile phone usage (β = 0.366, p < 0.001) and mobile application usage (β = 0.289, p < 0.001) exerted statistically significant and positive effects on PPSELOF, supporting both hypotheses. The findings demonstrate that mobile technologies act as essential enablers of improved productivity, informed decision-making, and socio-economic advancement among rural paddy farmers. The study contributes context-specific empirical evidence to the discourse on digital agriculture in South Asia and offers practical implications for policymakers, extension officers, and technology developers seeking to design farmer-centred ICT interventions in Sri Lanka.
ICT in agriculture; mobile phones; mobile applications; paddy cultivation; Structural Equation Modelling; Ampara District; Sri Lanka.
Study and Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution by Oil and Oil Products on the Human Body
The article scientifically analyzes the negative effects of petroleum products dispersed in atmospheric air on the human body. The adverse impact of gases, aerosols, and volatile organic compounds formed during the extraction and processing of petroleum on the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems is examined. It has been established that long-term exposure to these substances may lead to the development of various diseases, allergic conditions, and oncological risks. The results of the study indicate the need to develop preventive measures aimed at reducing atmospheric pollution and protecting public health. At the same time, the importance of improving and updating highly accurate analytical methods for continuous atmospheric air monitoring is emphasized.
petroleum products, atmospheric air, immune system, toxic effects, permissible limit, carcinogenic substance.
Development of Coconut Milk Based Yoghurt Enriched with Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) and Hibiscus (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Extracts
Lactose intolerance, vegan preferences and 0consumers on health-conscious diets looking for natural substitutes are driving up demand for dairy-free yoghurt substitutes. Coconut milk (Cocos nucifera), abundant in Sri Lanka which provides an ideal base with its creamy texture, potassium richness, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fibers and bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenols) that support Lactobacillus fermentation superior to traditional bases. This research developed and optimized coconut milk-based yoghurt enriched with aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extract for antimicrobial properties and texture enhancement and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower extract for natural anthocyanin coloring (cyanidin-3-sophoroside) and antioxidants. Aloe vera extract (0-20%) and fixed hibiscus extracts were added to coconut milk yoghurt. Physicochemical analysis were conducted by AOAC methods revealed that moisture content increased from 72.20-74.05%, ash from 0.22-0.29%, pH values decreased, while fat (2.06-1.26%) and sugars (14.90-13.60°Brix) decreased with the increase in aloe vera concentration. T3 (10% aloe vera) had the best flavor, texture, bluish-purple color and overall acceptability, according to a sensory analysis conducted by twenty trained panel members using a 7-point hedonic scale. The antimicrobial properties of aloe vera increased the refrigerated shelf life to seven days. The enhanced nutritional composition, improved physicochemical properties and high sensory acceptability of the coconut milk yoghurt fortified with Aloe vera and Hibiscus extracts make it suitable for use as a functional plant-based alternative to dairy milk based yoghurt, especially for lactose intolerant, dairy-allergic and vegan populations.
Aloe vera extract, Coconut milk yoghurt, Consumer preference, Hibiscus extract, Physio-chemical properties, Sensory attributes.
Technologies for the Recovery of Iron (Fe) and Vanadium (V) from Fly Ash Generated at Thermal Power Plants
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of ash waste generated at thermal power plants and the technologies for extracting valuable metal elements, particularly iron (Fe) and vanadium (V). The study evaluates the efficiency of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and combined processing methods based on recent scientific research. The results indicate that integrated roasting–leaching technology provides the highest extraction efficiency. In addition, a technological flow scheme is proposed, and the feasibility of its application under laboratory conditions is substantiated. The findings demonstrate that fly ash can be considered a promising secondary resource for the recovery of strategic metals.
fly ash, vanadium, iron, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, leaching, roasting, secondary raw materials, V₂O₅, metal recovery
Relationship Between Work-Based Learning Programs and Future Economic Output in Key Growth Sectors
This paper will look at the relationship between the work-based learning programs and the future economic development of major sectors. Work-based learning integrates theoretical knowledge with an industrial experience in the real world. It has turned into an education tactic in reaction to the demand of graduates prepared and eager to join the labor market. The research question is what is the effect of involvement in such programs on industry innovation, productivity, and skill development. It also examines the contribution of these factors towards the future economic performance in various sectors. The research will use quantitative research methods to gather the necessary data among the stakeholders in the chosen growth sectors to assess measurable outcomes in terms of employability, labor productivity and sectoral value addition. The targeted outcomes will demonstrate how work-based learning can enhance the competitiveness of the workforce, minimize skill mismatches, and accelerate economic growth. The study will offer evidence based knowledge that can be used to inform future modifications in education, vocational training, and industry alliances. It adds to the debate of how to balance learning systems with the labor market requirements.
Study Of Methods for Determining the Composition of Industrial Waste Oils and Purification
This article deals with the processing of industrial wastewater and the determination of the amount of petroleum oils in its content. The aim is to determine the initial composition of the oil in industrial waste.
wastewater, degreaser, petroleum oil, deasphalting.
Integrated Characterization and Sustainable Valorization of Zinc Galvanizing Flue Dust via Hydrometallurgical and Functional Material Routes
Hot-dip galvanizing flue dust (GFD) is a hazardous by-product generated during steel galvanizing processes, characterized by fine particle size, high zinc content, and complex chemical composition. Despite its relatively low generation volume, GFD represents a valuable secondary resource due to its zinc concentration reaching up to 45 wt.%. This study presents a comprehensive review of existing experimental investigations on the characterization, hydrometallurgical processing, and advanced material valorization of galvanizing flue dust. Detailed physicochemical analyses reveal that zinc is primarily present in chloride- and ammonium-based phases, which exhibit high reactivity in acidic leaching systems. Hydrometallurgical treatment using hydrochloric and sulfuric acids enables zinc recovery efficiencies exceeding 95% under optimized conditions, supported by thermodynamic feasibility analyses. Beyond conventional metal recovery, leachates derived from GFD have been successfully utilized as precursors for the synthesis of ZnO ceramic nanofibers via electrospinning and calcination. The influence of leaching media on nanofiber morphology is discussed, highlighting opportunities for tailoring material properties. These findings demonstrate that combining zinc recovery with functional material synthesis offers a sustainable, circular-economy-oriented pathway for minimizing hazardous waste disposal and enhancing resource efficiency in the galvanizing industry.
Circular economy; electrospinning; galvanizing flue dust; waste valorization; zinc recovery; ZnO nanofibers.
Research into the Process of Neutralization and Precipitation of Waste Solutions Generated in the Chemical Industry
The article studies the chemical composition of acidic and alkaline waste solutions generated in the chemical industry, and the possibilities of their mutual neutralization are investigated. The study of the precipitation process as a result of neutralization showed that it is possible to separate metals up to 98%.
chemical industry, metals, neutralization, precipitate composition, chemical analysis, technological.
Processing of Zinc Production Wastes and Recycling Opportunities
The generation of large volumes of waste during zinc production presents both an environmental challenge and a potential secondary resource for valuable metal recovery. This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of zinc-containing wastes and evaluates effective processing methods for improving metal extraction efficiency. Special attention is given to the decomposition of zinc ferrite through lime-assisted roasting followed by sulfuric acid leaching. Thermodynamic analysis and experimental data indicate that the proposed approach significantly enhances zinc recovery compared to conventional methods. The results demonstrate that waste recycling can contribute to sustainable metallurgy and resource conservation.
zinc cake, zinc ferrite, waste recycling, hydrometallurgy, roasting, leaching, mineralogical analysis, zinc recovery.
Research on the Separation of Precious Metals from Zinc Production by-Product and Waste
The waste generated in the zinc production technology contains rare metals. This article studies the presence of indium, gallium, germanium, and cadmium in the intermediate products and clinker, and considers the possibilities of their extraction.
Zinc waste processing, clinker, well furnace, rare metals, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, magnetic separation, extraction, indium, germanium, gallium.
Study of Thermodynamic Calculations for Chloride Substance of Gold-Containing Magnetic Fraction
This article presents a thermodynamic analysis of all possible reactions occurring during chloride-sublimation roasting of a gold-bearing magnetic fraction. Based on this thermodynamic analysis, the necessity of oxidative roasting to convert iron into difficult-to-chlorinate oxides is demonstrated.
Magnetic fraction, reaction, process, thermodynamic analysis, temperature, research, gold, chlorine.
Study of the Possibility of Extracting Gold and Silver from the Magnetic Fraction
This article analyzes technologies for extracting gold and silver from the magnetic fraction generated during gold mining. The analysis suggests hydrochlorination and chloride sublimation processes for extracting precious metals from the magnetic fraction.
Gold, silver, magnetic fractionation, hydrochlorination, chloride removal, technological.
Studying the Characteristics of the Small Dust Formed During the Melting of Sulfide Copper Concentrate in a Vanyukov Furnace
This article examines the dust composition formed during the smelting of sulfide copper concentrate in the Vanyukov furnace, the need for its processing, existing problems, and proposed technological solutions. In particular, an effective technological scheme for processing finely dispersed dust obtained from an electrostatic precipitator at the Almalyk MMC copper smelting plant and directions for its complex separation have been substantiated.
Dust, gas, drying, electrolysis, neutralization, electrostatic precipitator, liquid bath, press filter, hydrometallurgy, processing, leaching.
Enrichment of Secondary Kaoline from the Angren Deposit
The work examines the features of the material composition of secondary kaolin from the Angren deposit and the possibility of its enrichment to obtain alumina-containing products. It has been established that the high content of silicon structure and the presence of organic additives deteriorate the quality of the raw material and limit its industrial application. Research on magnetic separation of kaolin raw materials has been conducted. It has been shown that the application of a comprehensive technology, including preliminary washing, classification, and magnetic separation, allows for improving the quality of kaolin and increasing the Al2O3 content in the concentrate.
kaolin, Angren deposit, enrichment, magnetic separation, alumina, silica, alumina-containing raw materials.
Improving the Efficiency of Pyrometallurgical Processing of Gold-Bearing Slag and Man-Made Raw Materials
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of processing gold-bearing refractory ores and technogenic waste using pyrometallurgical methods. The study focuses on interfacial equilibrium, redox reactions, and the distribution of noble metals in the slag-stein-metal system during high-temperature smelting processes. The article emphasizes the importance of optimizing the composition of the charge and identifying the technological factors that ensure efficient extraction of gold and silver from the matte produced during the smelting process. The article discusses the possibilities of increasing the selective extraction of metals using modern pyrometallurgical approaches, including collector smelting, control of the reducing environment, and the use of additional components. The results of the study show that by optimizing the preparation stages of raw materials, scientifically selecting the composition of the charge, and managing the smelting processes, it is possible to increase the degree of extraction of rare metals and minimize losses. This allows for improved technological efficiency and the rational use of technogenic resources.
refractory ores, copper, charge, matte, slag, converter slag, extraction, clinker, concentrate.
Integrated Hydrometallurgical Strategies for the Valorization of Technogenic Solutions and Waste in Copper Production
This study investigates the efficiency of extracting valuable and rare metals from technogenic solutions and mother liquors generated at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine (Almalyk MMC). Using methods of ionic flotation and selective carbonate-based precipitation, the research establishes optimal parameters for recovering Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo), and rare elements like Dysprosium (Dy) and Tellurium (Te). Results indicate that ionic flotation using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) achieves copper recovery rates of 98.6–99.5%, while thermodynamic modelling via potential-pH (E-pH) diagrams identifies specific zones for rare metal stability. The findings provide a pathway for industrial decarbonization and secondary resource utilisation, transforming environmental liabilities into economic assets.
Ion flotation, technogenic solutions, metal recovery, decarbonization, hydrometallurgy.
Modern Technological Approaches to Comprehensive Processing of Technogenic Waste from Copper Enrichment Plants
This article analyzes the problems of complex processing of copper flotation residues generated at copper enrichment plants and their resource potential. Hundreds of millions of tons of waste are generated annually in the mining and metallurgical industry of our republic, which occupy large areas and have a negative impact on the environment. At the same time, the presence of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum and other valuable components in the waste indicates the need to use them as secondary raw materials. The article analyzes the main methods of processing technogenic waste - flotation, gravity, hydrometallurgical and biotechnological processes, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The results obtained by Uzbek scientists on bacterial selective smelting, new flotation reagents and desilicicination technologies are summarized.
copper enrichment plant, waste processing, desilicicination, hydrometallurgy, flotation, biotechnological smelting, sulfuric acid smelting
Specific Technologies for Processing Oxide Copper Ore and Their Analysis
This article emphasizes that oxidized and mixed ores are formed as a result of the oxidation of primary sulfide minerals, and that their mineralogical composition is complex and variable. In particular, the occurrence of copper in bound forms in such ores makes their beneficiation difficult. Since the possibility of complete copper recovery using the flotation method is limited, hydrometallurgical and combined methods—especially the “leaching–cementation–flotation” scheme—are considered promising approaches. In addition, advanced practices for processing oxidized ores at mining and metallurgical enterprises in the USA, Kazakhstan, Zambia, and Russia are analyzed based on global experience. It is demonstrated that these technologies enable high levels of copper recovery even from low-grade ores. Using the Kalmakyr deposit as an example, the presence of large reserves of oxidized ores, as well as their mineral composition and technological characteristics, have been studied. The research results indicate the necessity of developing new, economically efficient, and environmentally safe technologies for the effective processing of these ores.
ore, copper, oxide, sulfide, mineral, flotation, gravity separation, cementation, sulfuric acid, selective leaching, alkali.
Optimization of Extraction Process Parameters for the Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from Solutions Following Biooxidation
This study investigated the optimization of the main parameters of the extraction process for the extraction of heavy metal ions, in particular Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, from technogenic solutions formed after the biooxidation process. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaS2CN(C2H5)2) was used as the extractant, and the dependence of the process on temperature, mixing duration, and extractant consumption was experimentally analyzed. The results of the studies revealed a high degree of separation of copper ions (99.97%) under optimal conditions. At the same time, almost complete extraction of iron ions was also observed, and the selectivity of the used extractant was found to be low. Based on the results obtained, the need for additional stages or the use of selective extractants to increase the efficiency of the process was justified.
heavy metals; extraction; copper ions; iron ions; sodium diethyldithiocarbamate; photoelectric analysis; wastewater.
Comprehensive Study of the Formation and Volume Distribution of Oxidized Copper Ore Accumulations at the Kalmakyr Deposit
This study presents a scientific analysis of the volumes and mineral composition of oxidized copper ore heaps at the Kalmakyr deposit. The results provide detailed data on the physical properties, density, and volumetric distribution of the ores. This knowledge enhances the efficiency of ore processing and supports the development of economically optimal technological solutions. The research has both practical and theoretical significance in assessing oxidized copper ores and determining their reserve potential.
ore, copper, oxidized ore, heap volume, mineral composition, density, volumetric distribution, ore processing technology.
Comprehensive Analysis of Ferrous Industrial Waste and Prospects for Expanding the Secondary Raw Material Base
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the chemical and phase composition of iron-bearing industrial waste generated at major metallurgical enterprises in Uzbekistan. It was determined that dust from electric arc steelmaking furnaces, slags, and waste from beneficiation plants contain valuable components such as iron (29-53%), zinc (11-14%), and manganese (up to 9.6%). The research findings substantiate the economic and environmental prospects of processing this waste as an import-substituting secondary raw material.
industrial waste, secondary raw materials, steelmaking dust, metallurgical slag, iron oxides, comprehensive analysis, resource conservation.
Development of a Technology for the Comprehensive Separation of Iron and Vanadium from Thermal Power Plant Waste and the Production of Iron Oxide Pigments
Waste from thermal power plants, especially ash and slag, is considered an environmental problem, as well as a secondary source of raw materials containing valuable components, since iron, vanadium and other metals can be extracted from them. The literature notes that mineral enrichment, hydrometallurgical and biohydrometallurgical methods can be used to separate metals from solid waste from thermal power plants. Therefore, the complex processing of thermal power plant waste not only reduces the volume of waste, but also creates an additional raw material base for industry. This article discusses the complex separation of iron and vanadium from thermal power plant waste, the production of iron oxide pigments based on separated iron, and the technological, environmental and economic aspects of this process. The main idea of ​​the work is to transform waste from a simple storage object into a technogenic resource that yields useful products. The proposed approach complies with the principles of resource efficiency, deep processing of local raw materials and environmental safety.
TPP waste, ash-slag, iron, vanadium, complex separation, hydrometallurgy, pigment, iron oxide.
A Study of an Inhibitor for Purifying Corrosive Sulfur Compounds in Oil from the Ferghana Region
This article presents the test analysis results of a developed inhibitor for analyzing and separating sulfur compounds that cause corrosion in the oil extracted from the Oltiariq district of the Ferghana region.
Inhibitor, corrosion, Variq oil field, emulsion, sulfuric acid, decomposition rate
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Stability and Decomposition Kinetics of Thermo-Stable Inorganic Salts under High Temperature Conditions
In this study, the thermal stability of inorganic salts (KNO₃, Na₂SO₄, and CaCO₃) at elevated temperatures was comprehensively investigated using thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to determine the decomposition stages, and the activation energy was calculated based on the Arrhenius model. The degree of decomposition was modeled under isothermal conditions. Based on the obtained results, a safe operating temperature range for industrial processes was established.
thermally stable salts, activation energy, Arrhenius equation, thermogravimetric analysis, kinetic model, decomposition rate.
Development of a Complex Processing Technology for Xujaipok Water Located in Dehqonobod Region, Uzbekistan
Water scarcity and quality degradation represent serious challenges for rural communities across Central Asia. The Xujaipok water source located in the Dehqonobod region of Uzbekistan contains elevated concentrations of dissolved salts, iron, manganese, and microbial contamination, making it unsuitable for direct human consumption without treatment. This study presents the development and evaluation of a multi-stage water processing technology specifically designed for Xujaipok groundwater. The integrated system combines coagulation-flocculation, rapid sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection into a unified treatment chain. Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments confirmed that the proposed technology successfully reduces total dissolved solids, turbidity, heavy metal concentrations, and coliform bacteria to levels compliant with WHO drinking water guidelines. The results demonstrate that this complex treatment approach is both technically effective and economically feasible for implementation in remote areas of the Dehqonobod region, offering a practical solution to the local drinking water problem.
Xujaipok water, Dehqonobod, water treatment, reverse osmosis, multi-stage purification, groundwater quality, Central Asia, drinking water technology
Digital Transformation of University Administration: Reframing Efficiency and Transparency in Sri Lankan Public Universities Through Institutional and Socio-Technical Lenses
Digital transformation has become a strategic imperative in higher education governance worldwide. Yet in many public university systems, technological adoption proceeds faster than institutional adaptation. This study critically examines the impact of Management Information Systems (MIS) and administrative e-services on efficiency and transparency in Sri Lankan government universities. Drawing on a mixed-methods study across four public universities (N = 312 survey respondents; 24 key informant interviews), the research integrates institutional theory and socio-technical systems theory to assess whether digitalization constitutes genuine administrative transformation or symbolic modernization. Findings indicate measurable improvements in transactional efficiency—particularly in student registration, examination processing, and payroll management. However, gains in transparency remain uneven and structurally constrained. Digital systems often coexist with manual processes, discretionary administrative practices, and hierarchical decision cultures that limit accountability gains. Resistance, fragmented governance, inadequate interoperability, and limited data literacy among staff further impede transformation. The study argues that digital transformation in public universities cannot be understood as a purely technological shift. Rather, it represents a negotiated institutional process shaped by path dependency, bureaucratic norms, and power relations. The paper contributes to higher education governance literature by demonstrating how digital reforms in developing-country university systems often produce hybrid administrative models—partially modernized yet structurally constrained. Policy recommendations emphasize governance reform, process reengineering, and institutional capacity development as prerequisites for meaningful transparency gains.
digital transformation, university governance, MIS, administrative reform, transparency, institutional theory, Sri Lanka, public sector modernization
Complexation properties of the organic reagent DEDTK Na with CuSO₄: a quantum-chemical study using density functional theory (DFT)
Today, the world is increasingly focused on developing effective methods for processing mineral raw materials and polymetallic ores, fully extracting useful minerals from them, increasing the production capacity of rare and rare metals, and creating low-waste and waste-free technologies. Also, the involvement of all types of technogenic waste from the mining and metallurgical industry (waste from the mining industry, enrichment plants, liquid and solid waste from hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes) in production, and ensuring the extraction of useful components from technogenic waste using low-operational and inexpensive methods with the return of used reagents to the process are urgent issues in this area.
DEDTK, CuSO4, HOMO, LUMO, B3LYP, gibrid DFT, GaussView 6.0
OPTIK-TOLALI ALOQA LINIYALARI VA ULARNING ZAMONAVIY TELEKOMMUNIKATSIYA TIZIMLARIDAGI O‘RNI
Mazkur maqolada optik-tolali aloqa liniyalarining nazariy asoslari, tuzilishi, ishlash prinsiplari hamda zamonaviy telekommunikatsiya tizimlaridagi ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida optik tolalarning turlari, uzatish texnologiyalari va signal yo‘qotish omillari tahlil qilindi. Olingan natijalar optik-tolali aloqa liniyalarining yuqori tezlik, katta sig‘im va elektromagnit shovqinlarga chidamliligi bilan ajralib turishini ko‘rsatdi. Maqola optik aloqa tizimlarini rivojlantirish va samaradorligini oshirish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan.
optik tola, optik-tolali aloqa, yorug‘lik signali, telekommunikatsiya, ma’lumot uzatish, DWDM, FTTH.
Obtaining Sodium Sulfide from Acid Gases
The article presents a method for obtaining sodium sulfide based on the separation of acid gases as a result of absorption with lime milk, the release and absorption of hydrogen sulfide into a sodium hydroxide alkali solution and the production of sodium sulfide as a result of these processes.
acid gases, hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydroxide, absorption, alkali, concentration, corrosion, component.