Keywords
Abstract
This study examines hydropower's contribution to sustainable
development through comparative analysis of international practices and national
implementation strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analyzing
hydropower data from 45 countries over 2010-2023 and conducting stakeholder
interviews across five continents. Results indicate that hydropower accounts for 16%
of global electricity generation, with developing nations showing 68% higher growth
rates than developed countries. Norway leads in renewable energy integration (96%
hydropower share), while China dominates absolute capacity (370 GW).
Environmental impact assessments reveal significant variations in sustainability
practices, with Scandinavian models demonstrating optimal ecosystem balance.
Economic analysis shows hydropower projects generate average returns of 8-12%
over 50-year lifecycles. The study identifies key success factors including
comprehensive environmental planning, community engagement, and adaptive
management frameworks for maximizing sustainable development outcomes.