Technologies for the Recovery of Iron (Fe) and Vanadium (V) from Fly Ash Generated at Thermal Power Plants

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of ash waste generated at thermal power plants and the technologies for extracting valuable metal elements, particularly iron (Fe) and vanadium (V). The study evaluates the efficiency of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and combined processing methods based on recent scientific research. The results indicate that integrated roasting–leaching technology provides the highest extraction efficiency. In addition, a technological flow scheme is proposed, and the feasibility of its application under laboratory conditions is substantiated. The findings demonstrate that fly ash can be considered a promising secondary resource for the recovery of strategic metals.